Gurpreet Sigh, 7, who has cerebral palsy and microcephaly, and is from Sirsar, 50km from the Punjabi town of Bathinda. He is being treated at the Baba Farid centre for Special Children in Bathinda

Their heads are too large or too small, their limbs too short or too bent. For some, their brains never grew, speech never came and their lives are likely to be cut short: these are the children it appears that India would rather the world did not see, the victims of a scandal with potential implications far beyond the country's borders.

Some sit mutely, staring into space, lost in a world of their own; others cry out, rocking backwards and forwards. Few have any real control over their own bodies. Their anxious parents fret over them, murmuring soft words of encouragement, hoping for some sort of miracle that will free them from a nightmare.

Health workers in the Punjabi cities of Bathinda and Faridkot knew something was terribly wrong when they saw a sharp increase in the number of birth defects, physical and mental abnormalities, and cancers. They suspected that children were being slowly poisoned.

But it was only when a visiting scientist arranged for tests to be carried out at a German laboratory that the true nature of their plight became clear. The results were unequivocal. The children had massive levels of uranium in their bodies, in one case more than 60 times the maximum safe limit.

The results were both momentous and mysterious. Uranium occurs naturally throughout the world, but is normally only present in low background levels which pose no threat to human health. There was no obvious source in the Punjab that could account for such high levels of contamination.

And if a few hundred children – spread over a large area – were contaminated, how many thousands more might also be affected? Those are questions the Indian authorities appear determined not to answer. Staff at the clinics say they were visited and threatened with closure if they spoke out. The South African scientist whose curiosity exposed the scandal says she has been warned by the authorities that she may not be allowed back into the country.

But an Observer investigation has now uncovered disturbing evidence to suggest a link between the contamination and the region's coal-fired power stations. It is already known that the fine fly ash produced when coal is burned contains concentrated levels of uranium and a new report published by Russia's leading nuclear research institution warns of an increased radiation hazard to people living near coal-fired thermal power stations.

The test results for children born and living in areas around the state's power stations show high levels of uranium in their bodies. Tests on ground water show that levels of uranium around the plants are up to 15 times the World Health Organisation's maximum safe limits. Tests also show that it extends across large parts of the state, which is home to 24 million people.

The findings have implications not only for the rest of India – Punjab produces two-thirds of the wheat in the country's central reserves and 40% of its rice – but for many other countries planning to build new power plants, including China, Russia, India, Germany and the US. In Britain, there are plans for a coal-fired station at the Kingsnorth facility in Kent.

The victims are being treated at the Baba Farid centres for special children in Bathinda – where there are two coal-fired thermal plants – and in nearby Faridkot. It was staff at those clinics who first voiced concerns about the increasing numbers of admissions involving severely handicapped children. They were being born with hydrocephaly, microcephaly, cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome and other complications. Several have already died.

Dr Pritpal Singh, who runs the Faridkot clinic, said the numbers of children affected by the pollution had risen dramatically in the past six or seven years. But he added that the Indian authorities appeared determined to bury the scandal. "They can't just detoxify these kids, they have to detoxify the whole Punjab. That is the reason for their reluctance," he said. "They threatened us and said if we didn't stop commenting on what's happening, they would close our clinic.

"But I decided that if I kept silent it would go on for years and no one would do anything about it. If I keep silent then the next day it will be my child. The children are dying in front of me."

Dr Carin Smit, the South African clinical metal toxicologist who arranged for the tests to be carried out in Germany, said that the situation could no longer be ignored. "There is evidence of harm for these children in my care and... it is an imperative that their bodies be cleaned up and their metabolisms be supported to deal with such a devastating presence of radioactive material," she said.

"If the contamination is as widespread as it would appear to be – as far west as Muktsar on the Pakistani border, and as far east as the foothills of Himachal Pradesh – then millions are at high risk and every new baby born to a contaminated mother is at risk."

In the Faridkot centre last week, Harmanbir Kaur, 15, was rocking gently backwards and forwards. When her test results came back, they showed she had 10 times the safe limit of uranium in her body. Her brother, Naunihal Singh, six, has double the safe level.

Harmanbir was born in Muktsar, 25 miles from Faridkot. Her mother, Kulbir Kaur, 37, watched her slowly degenerate from a healthy baby into the girl she is today, dribbling constantly, unable to feed herself, lost in a world of her own. "God knows what sin I have committed. When we go to our village people say there is a curse of God on you, but I don't believe so," she said. "Every part of this area is affected. We never imagined that there would be uranium in our kids."

A few miles down the road in Bathinda, Sukhminder Singh, 48, a farmer, watched his son Kulwinder, 13, staring into space while curling his hands up under his chin. Tests showed Kulwinder has 19 times the maximum safe level of uranium in his body. He has cerebral palsy and has already had seven operations to unbend his arms and legs.

"The government should investigate it because if our child is affected it will also affect future generations," he said. "What are they waiting for? How many children do they want to be affected? Another generation? I can leave the house for work, but my wife is always with him. Sometimes she cries and asks why God is playing with our luck. Every morning he sends a new trouble."

Doni Choudhary, aged 15 months, is waiting to be tested, though staff say he shows similar symptoms to those who have tested positive and are treating him for suspected uranium poisoning. His mother, Neelum, 22, from the state capital, Chandigarh, says he was born with hydrocephaly. His legs are useless.

"He is dependent on others. After me, who can care for him?" Neelum asks. "He tries to speak but he can't express himself and my heart cries. When will he understand that his legs don't work? What will he feel?"

India's reluctance to acknowledge the problem is hardly unexpected: the country is heavily committed to an expansion of thermal plants in Punjab and other states. Neither was it any surprise when a team of scientists from the Department of Atomic Energy visited the area and concluded that while the concentration of uranium in drinking water was "slightly high", there was "nothing to worry" about. Yet some tests recorded levels of uranium in the ground water as high as 224mcg/l (micrograms per litre) – 15 times higher than the safe level of 15mcg/l recommended by the WHO. (The US Environmental Protection Agency sets a maximum safe level of 20mcg/l.)

Some scientists have proposed that the ground water may have been contaminated by contact with granite rocks that rise above the ground about 150 miles away to the south in the Tosham hills, in Haryana state. A continuation of these rocks is believed to run deep below the thick alluvial deposits that form the plains of Punjab.

Increasing demands for water, in particular to irrigate the rice crop, have led to greater dependence on tube wells. That in turn is depleting the water table in the state at an alarming rate – by at least 30cm a year, according to one study – with the result that water is being drawn from ever deeper levels. However, this theory seems to be in conflict with evidence from parents of many of the children, who say they use the mains supply, which comes from other sources.

There have also been claims that the contamination may have been exacerbated by depleted uranium carried on the wind from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. At a seminar in Amritsar in April, Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat, a former chief of the naval staff, suggested that areas within a 1,000-mile radius of Kabul – including Punjab – may be affected by depleted uranium. Although the prevailing monsoon winds blow either from the north-east or the south-west, there are times when a depression originating in the Mediterranean can result in rainfall in Punjab.

Meanwhile, smoke continues to pour from the power station chimneys and lorries shuttle backwards and forwards, taking away the fly ash to be mixed into cement at the neighbouring Ambuja factory. Inside the plant last week, there was ash everywhere, forming drifts, clinging to the skin, getting into the throat.

Ravindra Singh, the plant's security officer, said that most of the ash went to the cement works, while the rest was dumped in ash ponds. It would be more efficient to burn better quality coal that left less ash, he said. Every day the plant burned 6,000 tons of coal. He had no idea how much ash that generated, but the stream of lorries to take it away was continuous.

The first coal-fired power station in Punjab was commissioned in Bathinda in 1974, followed by another in nearby Lehra Mohabat in 1998. There is a third to the east, at Rupnagar.

Tests on ground water in villages in Bathinda district found the highest average concentration of uranium – 56.95mcg/l – in the town of Bucho Mandi, a short distance from the Lehra Mohabat ash pond. Such a concentration of uranium means the lifetime cancer risk in the village was more than 153 times higher than in the normal population. Tests on ground water in the village of Jai Singh Wala, close to the Bathinda ash pond, showed an average level of 52.79mcg/l. People living there said they used the ash to spread on the roads and even on the floors of their homes.

Scientists in Punjab who have studied the presence of uranium in the state have dismissed the government denials as a whitewash. "If the government says there is a high level of uranium in an area that would create havoc – they don't want to openly say something like that," said Dr Chander Parkash, a wetland ecologist working at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

Both he and Dr Surinder Singh, who works at the same university and has also carried out tests on the state's ground water, said it was clear that uranium was present in large quantities and should be investigated further.

Another scientist, Dr GS Dhillon, a former chief engineer with the irrigation department, is convinced that the uranium has come from the power stations and accuses the authorities of failing to control the ash ponds, which he believes have contaminated the ground water.

Their concerns are bolstered by a report from the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, Russia's leading state organisation for nuclear research, published last month in the Russian Academy of Sciences' Thermal Engineering journal. The report's author, DA Krylov, raised serious doubts about the safety of coal-fired thermal power stations (TPSs), concluding that radiation from ash residues and from chimney emissions built up around coal-fired power plants and posed an additional risk to those living and working in the area.

"Natural radionuclides contained in coals concentrate in ash-and-slag wastes and gas-aerosol emissions as these coals are fired at TPSs, with the result that an elevated man-made radiation background builds up around TPSs," the report stated. The situation became worse, the report said, if ash was used as a construction material or as a filling material for roads.

A previous report in the magazine Scientific American, citing various sources, claimed that fly ash emitted by power plants "carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount of energy", adding: "When coal is burned into fly ash, uranium and thorium are concentrated at up to 10 times their original levels."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/30/india-punjab-children-uranium-pollution/print

Original : www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=16098, publié le 15 novembre 2009

par David MacGregor

 
Hegel fait remarquer l'apparition du « mal concret » dans l'histoire, du déchaînement par intermittence de la malveillance humaine à une échelle colossale, capable de détruire des sociétés entières. Hegel note que les auteurs de crimes planétaires historiques sont poussés uniquement par la passion, l’amour-propre, l’avidité et la haine, et ignorent complètement « l'ordre et la modération, la justice et la moralité. » [1] L'agression impérialiste contre l'Irak, entamée par la première guerre du Golfe, qui atteignit son paroxysme lors des attaques « Choc et Effroi, » lancées par les armées étasuniennes et britanniques en 2003, et se poursuit toujours aujourd'hui presque vingt ans après, montre un horrible exemple de manifestation d’extrême malveillance dans un schéma dantesque.

Le livre incontournable d’Abdul-Haq Al-Ani et Joanne Baker [*], décrit une entreprise criminelle effroyable, qui se réalise désormais toute seule en Irak : la contamination préméditée de la nation irakienne, de sa population et de l'environnement naturel, par les radiations jusqu'alors inconnues d’une arme de destruction de masse, d’un instrument de guerre implacable, confectionné à partir d'une décharge mondiale pratiquement inépuisable d'uranium appauvri.

Fin février 1991, les sinistres photographies de presse et les images télévisées de l'« Autoroute de la Mort » révélèrent des vues du désert avec des véhicules irakiens civils et militaires carbonisés et tordus, détruits de sang froid par les frappes aériennes étasuniennes lors de la sortie précipitée de Saddam Hussein du Koweït. Beaucoup pensaient à l'époque que le monde sera sûrement dégoûté par une telle barbarie. Ces images seules conforteront sans doute le sentiment populaire contre la guerre, et inciteront les combattants à la paix ? Mais le cortège de cruauté sur la route du Koweït à Bassorah était juste le signal du début d’une croisade qui allait se dérouler pendant la majorité des deux prochaines décennies. Et aucune photo, aucune vidéo de télévision, ni même le sens de la vue, du goût, la sensibilité et l’odorat des témoins sur le terrain, ne pourrait révéler la perversité secrète de ces virulentes images de détritus mortels radioactifs et toxiques, émis en nuages de vapeur invisible par les missiles, les obus et les autres armes à l’uranium appauvri, qui contamineront la région du Golfe pendant un millénaire.

En 1988, en déclarant que Saddam Hussein était « pire qu’Hitler, » George HW Bush instaura une offensive de propagande diffamante qui a eu du succès contre le peuple irakien. La calomnie contre l'Irak se prolonge aujourd’hui dans son incapacité à solliciter une protection contre l’empoisonnement radioactif et chimique de l'uranium appauvri, ou même à effectuer et à faire connaître au public les recherches scientifiques sur le danger pour les humains et les animaux de la contamination à l'uranium appauvri. Comme le décrit ce livre, les gouvernements étasunien et britannique se préoccupent sérieusement des dépôts d’uranium appauvri, mais seulement à l’égard de leur propre territoire et citoyens [**]. La nation irakienne est devenue une colonie d’expérimentation géante servant à mesurer le danger des rayonnements ionisants et la toxicité associée à la dispersion irresponsable d'uranium appauvri.

D'un point de vue purement militaire, l'uranium appauvri est un très bon rapport coût-efficacité. [2] C’est un déchet radioactif des réacteurs nucléaires et des fabriques d'armes nucléaires. Les fournisseurs sont impatients de s’en débarrasser, puisque sa cession gratuite aux militaires est une alternative attrayante au coût prohibitif de l'élimination sans danger des « déchets nucléaires. » Précisément aussi toxique chimiquement que le plomb, l'uranium appauvri est presque deux fois plus dense et beaucoup plus dur. L'uranium appauvri se profile de lui-même : il transperce les matériaux très durs tout en gagnant en capacité de pénétration. À grande vitesse, l’uranium appauvri brûle en traversant les cibles compactes comme le blindage des tanks, et émerge de l'autre côté dans un intense jaillissement de feu et de gaz mortels. Comme le relate ce livre, depuis 1991, plus de 2000 tonnes d’uranium appauvri brûlé, pulvérisé et explosé, ont été dispersées en Iraq par les armées étasuniennes et britanniques.

À partir de 1991, devant le monde indifférent, l'impérialisme occidental imposa un embargo total contre l'Irak : c'est la première fois dans l'histoire moderne qu’une nation fut complètement isolée du commerce extérieur et des communications. Seuls les sièges barbares du Moyen Age ont une certaine ressemblance avec le spectacle de souffrance en Irak. Même le discours savant et scientifique a succombé. Sans un murmure de la dissidence de la communauté mondiale, pour les chercheurs et écrivains irakiens, l'impérialisme a non seulement proscrit les éléments vitaux nécessaires à leurs recherches, mais aussi les sources internationales de recherche scientifique et de diffusion.

Abdul-Haq Al-Ani et Joanne Baker avancent dans cet ouvrage un calcul scientifique initial de spoliations à l’uranium appauvri derrière le rideau de l'uranium. [3] Les auteurs ne suggèrent pas que le mauvais état de santé de la population irakienne résulte entièrement de la contamination à l'uranium appauvri. Beaucoup de raisons sont derrière l’énorme montée des maladies, notamment du cancer et des malformations de naissance, chez les Irakiens. L’impérialisme étasunien et britannique a détruit l'infrastructure sociale du pays, en particulier les installations de traitement des eaux [***], les centrales électriques, les marchés à provisions, les hôpitaux et les écoles. Les feux incontrôlés de pétrole ont pollué l'air. Victime de la malnutrition et des sources d'eau contaminées, le système immunitaire de nombreux enfants s’est effondré. Même la parodie de procès et l’assassinat atroce de Saddam Hussein n’ont pas satisfait l’envahisseur occidental. Après l’élimination du dirigeant irakien, l'embargo est resté et l'infrastructure s'est détériorée alors même qu’avant guerre, l’Irak bénéficiait du service professionnel de 34.000 médecins enregistrés. En 2006, 20.000 médecins avaient fui ; 2000, des restants ont été tués et 250 enlevés. En 2007, 8 millions d'Irakiens avaient besoin d'une aide d'urgence et plus de la moitié des 22 millions d’habitants était dans une pauvreté absolue. La Croix-Rouge a signalé l'an dernier que la situation humanitaire là-bas est parmi les plus critiques du globe.

Les apologistes parlent d’un « échec » de la politique étasunienne et britannique en Irak, de l'impuissance de l'occupant à construire un système démocratique stable pour remplacer l'ordre du parti Baas sous Saddam Hussein. [4] Mais la paix et la sécurité n'ont jamais été sur l’agenda du militarisme étasunien et britannique. Son travail consistait à piller, diviser, avilir et paralyser l'Irak pour assurer que ce pays ne bafoue plus jamais la domination du pouvoir suprême de l’Occident.

Selon la Convention de 1948 sur la prévention du génocide, le crime de génocide englobe les actes commis dans l'intention de détruire un groupe national, ethnique, racial ou religieux. Ces actes incluent le massacre des membres du groupe, l’atteinte grave à l'intégrité physique ou mentale des membres du groupe, et l’action d’infliger des conditions délibérées destinées à détruire le groupe en totalité ou en partie. Les auteurs présentent des preuves convaincantes sur le fait que l’usage sans discernement de l'uranium appauvri en Irak par la puissance occupante, ainsi que les répercussions de l’embargo et de l'invasion, sont conforment à ces rudiments de la définition du génocide.

Ce livre inclue des résultats d'études contrôlées par des scientifiques irakiens, sur la relation entre la présence de l'uranium appauvri, les radiations ionisantes, et le taux de maladies malignes assumé dans des conditions extrêmement défavorables 7 à 10 ans après l’agression de 1991. Ces études épidémiologiques et les mesures de rayonnements élevés sont forcément rudimentaires et incomplètes. Pourtant, associées aux rapports documentés sur les malformations de naissance et les cancers liés à l'exposition aux rayonnements depuis l'invasion de 2003 (dont une augmentation marquée du cancer du sein chez les Irakiennes), ces études sont les premières à présenter un tableau extrêmement troublant. Des preuves alarmantes révélées par les auteurs de ce livre constituent un dossier solide de génocide en Irak, commis par les envahisseurs étasuniens et britanniques grâce au recours sans discernement à des armes renforcées à l’uranium appauvri.

Traduction : Pétrus Lombard

Notes

1. Lectures on the Philosophy of World History. Introduction: Reason in History. Trans. H.B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975, p. 21.

2. Pour un résumé utile des questions entourant l’uranium appauvri, voir Rob White, « Depleted Uranium, state crime and the politics of knowing. » Theoretical Criminology. Vol. 12(1):31-54, 2008.

3. La Commission sur l’énergie atomique étasunienne a fait éclater la première bombe à hydrogène délivrable (jetable par avion) en 1954 dans les Îles Marshall, sous le nom de code « Bravo. » Les radiations mortelles de l’énorme boule de feu nucléaire s’abattirent sur les habitants des îles et sur les scientifiques et le personnel de l’armée étasunienne. L'administration d’Eisenhower tenta vainement d’étouffer l’information de la catastrophe. La dissimulation des États-Unis fut surnommée the uranium curtain (le rideau de l’uranium) par les censeurs. Cité par Shane Maddock dans « The Fourth Country Problem: Eisenhower's Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy, » publication trimestrielle des Études Présidentielles ; été 1998 ; 28, 3, p. 555.

4. Par exemple, Daniel Byman, « An Autopsy of the Iraq Debacle: Policy Failure or Bridge Too Far? » Security Studies, 17: 599–643, 2008.

Notes du traducteur :
* Le titre anglais de cet article est celui du livre qu’il commente : Uranium in Iraq: The Poisonous Legacy of the Iraq Wars

** En 1979, à Albany, capitale de l’État de New York, une usine fut fermée suite à la découverte de particules d’uranium appauvri dans un filtre à air de laboratoire à 42 kilomètres de là. 

*** Après 1991, en Occident, les grands médias parlaient fréquemment de la mortalité élevée en Irak, l’attribuant au manque de médicaments dû à l’embargo. C’était un mensonge, peut-être une publicité cachée de Big Pharma, du même tonneau que l’attribution de la « longévité » de l’Occidental à la médecine moderne.

Comme le savent très bien les responsables étasuniens, qui se sont acharnés à faire bombarder les installations civiles irakiennes pendant 10 ans, avant le coup de grâce en 2003, la santé des populations dépend essentiellement de la salubrité de l’environnement : accès à l’eau potable, évacuation des eaux usées et voirie dans les villes, air et nourriture sains, et aussi vie à l’écart des cadavres, humains et animaux, à cause de leur décomposition par des micro-organismes endogènes, dangereux pour les gens à la santé imparfaite (pas de contact avec les morts est d’ailleurs un vieux précepte religieux).

http://www.mondialisation.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=16138

• Broché: 264 pages
• Editeur : Vandeplas Publishing (16 juin 2009)
• Langue : Anglais
• ISBN-10: 1600420788
• ISBN-13: 978-1600420788

Guerre totale, radiologique et chimique contre l’irak

D'hiroshima à bagdad par joëlle penochet

A fallujah, en iraq, l’uranium appauvri et le phosphore blanc continuent de tuer les enfants

Serbie: l'uranium appauvri continue de tuer dix ans après les bombardements

A gaza, génocide à l’uranium appauvri

Yougoslavie: progression des cancers causés par l’otan

Tous les articles et toutes les vidéos en français et en anglais: Depleted Uranium/Uranium appauvri

The following text was presented to the Kuala Lumpur International Conference to Criminalise War, Putra World Trade Centre, 28-31 October 2009.

For two decades, the administrations of the United States of America and the United Kingdom have been waging continuous wars on Iraq to occupy this oil rich country.

1.0 Introduction:

2.0 What is Depleted Uranium?

-           Lou Gehrig’s disease is twice as commonly diagnosed in Gulf War veterans as expected.

-           Immune and Hormonal system damage

-           Disturbance of thyroid function

-           Mycoplasmas invasion into human cells.

-           Initiation or promotion of cancer

-           Tetratogenic toxicity which causes mental retardation, congenital malformations.

-           GW veterans were twice-three times as likely to report children with birth defects as their counter partner who did not serve in the first Gulf War.

-           Miscarriages

Dr. Hari Sharma, formerly of the University of Waterloo, tested the urine of some US, UK and Canadian veterans as well as Iraqi civilians from Basra and Baghdad.

Using 24hr urine samples, his isotopic analysis revealed a range of DU in the sample of (81-1,340) nanogram. Results showed that two of the three Iraqis from Al Basra had 147 – 426 nanograms respectively in their urine. Also it showed that 2 out of 5 Iraqis from Baghdad have DU in their urine

4.0 Other Important Scientific Evidence:

-           Internalized DU resulted in significant increases in the mutagenic frequency in the Lac gene in the tests of the exposed mice.

-           Internalized DU resulted in the development of bladder carcinoma in 75% of all animal exposed within 90 days of initial DU exposure.

The intercellular distribution of the Dicentric and  Centric ring chromosomes indicates significant over dispersion on the group level for the veterans who served in the Gulf War. Dic and CR are a known consequence of non uniform irradiation on the human body. [8]

-           Blood tests showed that 21% of the studied individuals in Basrah group suffered a reduction in hemoglobin concentration of (9-13) g/d.

-           The blood packed cell volume (PCV) test results showed that 25.5% of Basrah studied group showed abnormal (PCV) rates of (30-39)% less than the normal rate.

-           Total white Blood Cells count (WBC) results showed that 8% of the individuals in the Basrah study group with (WBC) less than normal which is (4000)c/ml or higher than normal rate (1100)c/ml.

-           Compound chromosomal changes in the lymphocytes of periphal blood of the individuals of Basrah studied group had been found at a ratio of (0.1118)% which is significantly higher than that of the control group.

-           The ratio of dicentric and ring centric chromosomal abnormality fraction was found to be (0.04479) which is higher than ordinary ratio chromosomal damages where mostly in male veteran individuals. One case was for a 13 year old young boy at the time of the exposure in Al-Zubair contaminated area.

•           Rita Hindin, et al [5] published a paper “Teratogenicity of Depleted Uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective” in which they stated that animal studies firmly support the possibility that DU is a teratogen. They also concluded that the human epidemiological evidence is consistent with the increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU.

•           For further scientific evidences by Iraqi researchers, check: ”Depleted Uranium Contamination: Iraq: An overview” http:///www.globalresearch.org.

5.0 Contaminating Iraq with Depleted Uranium

7.0 DU Contamination Casualties in Iraq:

8.0 Stand of the International Community on DU Weaponry

-           On November 1, 2008, a UN committee passed a resolution with an overwhelming majority, highlighting concerns over the military use of Uranium. The resolution entitled “Effects of the use of armaments and ammunitions containing Depleted Uranium 1” urges the UN member states to re-examine the health hazards posted by the use of Uranium weapons [31].

-           Another historic sentence was pronounced on January 13, 2009 by a court in Florence, Italy asking the Italian Ministry of Defense to compensate Gianbattista Marica with Euro 545,061, a parachutist who was deployed in Somalia for eight months in 1993. The sentence is very important because it states “the casual link between the presence of depleted uranium and the illness (cancer) of the Soldier” [32]. The courts statement includes the report of technical consultant who maintains that there is a causal link between the Hodgkin Lymphoma developed by the soldier and the exposure to DU.

-           In September 2009, a British jury at Smethwick Council House ruled that DU was likely cause of death of Gulf War veteran Stuart Dysan in June 2008. Dyson had been a Lance Corporal with the Royal Pioneer Corps and had cleaned tanks after the 1991 Gulf War. He developed colon cancer that killed him last year [33].

The European Parliament on 22nd of May 2008 passed its fourth resolution against the use Uranium weapons. MEP’s have called for EU and NATO-wide moratorium and global ban [29].

9.0 Concluding Remarks:

Notes

2. Sarah Meyer. “What Kind of Incendiary Bomb Was Used Against People in Iraq” http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=1226  November 14, 2005.

3. Steven D. "US Army Admits Use of White Phosphorus as Weapon". Daily KOS.

4. Scott Peterson Remains of Toxic Bullets Litter Iraq, May 18, 2003, Christian Science Monitor.

5. Rita Hindin, Doug Brugge, and Bindu Panikkar, "Teratogenicity of Depleted Uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective " Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2005. http://www.ehjournal.net/info/instructions/

6. Rosali Bertell "Depleted Uranium: All the questions about DU and Gulf War Syndrome are not yet answered". International Journal of Health Service 36(3), 503-520, 2006

7. Alexandra C. Miller, Mike Stewart, Rafael Rivas, Robert Marlot, and Paul Lison, "Depleted Uranium" internal contamination: Carcinogenisis and Leukeinogenisis in Vivo. Proc. Am Assoc Cancer Res. Volume 46, 2005.

8. Chroder, H. et al. "Chromosome aberration analysis in peripheral lymphocytes of Gulf War and Balkans War veterans". Radiation Prot. Dosimetry. Vol. 103(3) 2003 (PP. 211-219).

9. Ammash, H., Alwan, L., and Maarouf, B.,”Genetic hematological study for a selected population from DU contaminated areas in Basra.” Proceeding of the conference on the effects of the use of DU weapons on human and environment in Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq 2002.

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15. Al-Azzawi, S. et al, “ Environmental Pollution Resulting from the Use of Depleted Uranium Weaponry Against Iraq During 1991, World International Conference on DU, Hamburg, Germany, 2003 http://www.grassrootspeace.org/wuwc_reader2_science.pdf  - p.41

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18. Middle East Online, "Draught steals Iraqi's nutrition", September 1st 2009

19. ICBUW, "Robert shows New Yorkers Contaminated with DU over 20 years after exposure" http://www.banddepleteduranium.org/  

20. William, D. “Hazards of Uranium Weapons in the Proposed War on Iraq” full report.. The Eos life resources center. Oct, 2002.

21. ICBUW, "Statement by the DU positive testees" http://www.banddepleteduranium.org/  

22. Yaqoub, A., et.al., 1999, “Depleted Uranium and health of people in Basrah: an epidemiological evidence; 1-The incidence and pattern of malignant diseases among children in Basrah with specific reference to leukemia during the period of 1990-1998”, the medical journal of Basrah University (MJBU), vol.17, no.1&2, 1999, Basrah, Iraq.

23. Yaqoub, A., Ajeel, N., and Al-Wiswasy, M., 1998, “Incidence and pattern of malignant diseases (excluding leukemia) during 1990-1997”, Proceeding of the conference on health and environmental consequences of DU used by U.S. and British forces in the 1991 Gulf War, Dec. 2-3, 1998, Baghdad, Iraq. http://www.irak.be/ned/archief/Depleted%20Uranium_bestanden/DEPLETED%20URANIUM-3-%20INCIDENCE.htm  

24. Al-Sadoon, I., Hassan, J., and Yaqoub, A., 1998, “Incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies among birth in Basrah during the period 1990-1998”, Proceeding of the conference on health and environmental consequences of DU used by U.S. and British forces in the 1991 Gulf War, Dec. 2-3, 1998. http://www.irak.be/ned/archief/Depleted%20Uranium_bestanden/DEPLETED%20URANIUM-1-%20INCIDENCE.htm  

25.  RIA Novoski "Iraqis blame US depleted Uranium for surge in cancer"

26.  Tokyo Newspapers "Iraqi Minister of Environment Appeals to Japanese Government for Assistance in Dealing with DU contmination". September 10th 2008 http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp  

27. Proceeding of World Uranium weapons conference 2003, Hamburg, Germany. Page 192

28. Protr Bein "Uranium Weapons cover-ups in our midst". Proceedings of world Uranium Weapons conference, 2003, Hamburg, Germany.

29. David Goliath "The Adversary's Tactics and Effectiveness". Proceedings of world conference, 2003 Hamburg, Germany, Page 204.

30. William Van Den Panhuysen. "Belgium Bans Uranium Weapons and Armor". ISBUW, March 24, 2007.

31. ICBUW, "UN First Committee Passes DU Resolution in Landslide Vote" Nov. , 2007 http://www.bandepleteduranium.org/  

32. Stefania Divertito "Historic sentence in Florence, Italian court recognizes the link between cancer and Depleted Uranium". 13th Jan. 2009 http://www.peaclink.it  

33. ICBUW, DU was a likely cause of dead Gulf Veteran's cancer". Sept. 11, 2009 http://www.bandepleteduranium.org